INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC STUDY METHODOLOGY

 INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC STUDY METHODOLOGY

                                                                  FOREWORD

        Praise be to Allah Almighty. Who has given taufiq and guidance to his servants so that the preparation of this paper entitled "INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC STUDY METHODOLOGY" can be completed. We still offer prayers and greetings to the great revolution, namely the Prophet Muhammad. Which thanks to his services and struggles all mankind can enjoy the light of this world, namely with the addinul Islam (Islam).

       We are very aware that this paper has many shortcomings. Therefore, we expect criticism and suggestions from all parties, towards improvement and refinement of this paper. With the completion of this paper, with all humility we would like to thank all those who helped the completion of this paper, hopefully their services will be honored by Allah SWT. Amen.

                                                                              PIG

                                                                    PRELIMINARY

A. Background

         The religion of Islam brought by the prophet Muhammad SAW is believed to be able to guarantee the realization of a prosperous human life physically and mentally. In it there are various clues about how humans should respond to life in a more meaningful way. As time changes and the times, religions are increasingly required to be actively involved in solving various problems faced by humans.

         Dirasah Islamiyah or Islamic Studies, has become very important and is of wide concern. Dirasah Islamiyah or Islamic Studies can simply be said to be an attempt to study matters related to Islam. In other words, "a conscious and systematic effort to know and understand and discuss in depth about matters related to Islam, both its teachings, its history, and its implementation practices in everyday life".

        For this reason, it is necessary to study approaches that can be used in Islamic studies, so that the presence of religion can be felt functionally by its adherents. On the other hand, without knowing the various approaches in understanding religious teachings, it is not impossible that religion becomes difficult for the public to understand, it is not functional, and eventually people seek solutions to other religions, and this should not happen.

B. Problem Formulation

1. How are methods, methodologies, paradigms and approaches defined?

2. What is the meaning and scope of Islamic studies?

3. What is the Urgency of Studying Islamic Studies Methodology?

4. How Did Islamic Studies Grow Past and Present?

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Method, Methodology, Paradigm, and Approach of Islamic Studies

1. Understanding the Methods and Methodology of Islamic Studies

      In language the method comes from two words, namely: Meta which means "through" and Hodos means "way" or "way". In Arabic the method is known as Tariqah which means strategic steps that are prepared to do a job.

      In terms of Peter. R Senn argued that "a method is a procedure or way of knowing something, which has systematic steps. In the scientific world, methods can be interpreted as how to work to understand the object that is the target of the science being studied.

      When the word method is combined with the word logos the meaning changes. Logos means "study of" or "theory of". Therefore, methodology is no longer just a collection of methods that have been received (well received) but in the form of a study of methods. In English it is called Methodology, which is defined as: "Set of methods and the principle used to performance a particular activity". In simple terms, it can be said that methodology is the science of a method or science that studies procedures or ways about something.

      In the methodology, a study of how science works. If there are no differences in the method, there is a reflection and study of the workings of science, on the other hand, the methodology is wide open to study, debate, and reflect on the workings of a science.

      Furthermore, Islamic studies is a combination of two words to achieve a true meaning that these two words cannot be separated, so Islamic studies can be interpreted as the study of Islamic sciences. What is meant by Islamic sciences is the study not only of its normative and dogmative aspects, but also of studies concerning the sociological aspects.

      Thus, the methodology of Islamic studies is the science of ways to thoroughly study Islamic sciences.

2. Paradigm of Islamic Studies

      Paradigm is a collection of values ​​that form a person's mindset as a point of departure for his views so that it will form a person's subjective image (regarding reality) and will ultimately determine someone's response to that reality. Furthermore, Robert Friedrichs (1970) emphasizes this definition as a basic view of a scientific discipline on what is the subject matter that should be studied.

      Education is not directed at education itself, but is directed at achieving future aims, directions and goals. Thus, the time dimension in education is not only limited to the present time, namely the time of the education. But education is directed at attitudes, behavior, and abilities as well as knowledge which are expected to be a guide for students in carrying out their life duties responsibly and can become a complete human being, which is the main goal in education.

3. Islamic Studies Approach

       It is known that Islam as a religion has many dimensions, starting from the dimensions of faith, reason, economy, politics, science and technology, environment, history, peace, to domestic life, and many more.

      To understand the various dimensions of Islamic teachings clearly requires a variety of approaches that are explored from various disciplines. In Islamic studies, there are several approaches that can be taken, including:

a. Sociological Approach

        Sociology is the study of living together in society and investigating the bonds between humans that control their lives. Sociology tries to understand the nature and purpose of living together, the ways in which each human community is formed and grows and changes.

        It must be emphasized here that the person who initiated and practiced sociology as a new independent scientific discipline was Ibn Khaldun. However, most sociologists view Ibn Khaldun's contribution as insignificant in sociology. They prefer to acknowledge Krl Max and Auguste Comte as the ones most contributed to the discipline of sociology.

       The sociological approach is distinguished from other approaches to religious studies because of its focus of attention on the interaction between religion and society. Sociological theory about the character of religion and its position and significance in the social world, encourages the establishment of a series of sociological categories, including:

1. Social stratification, such as social class.

2. Biosocial categories, such as gender, marriage and age.

3. The pattern of social organization, including politics, economic production, systems of exchange and bureaucracy.

b. Historical Approach

       History or history is the science that discusses various events by paying attention to the elements of place, time, object, background, and the perpetrator of the event. This historical approach is needed in understanding religion, because religion itself comes down in a concrete situation and even relates to social conditions.

      Through this historical approach, a person is invited to dive from an idealistic realm that is empirical and global in nature. From this situation, one will see a gap or harmony between what is in the idealist realm and what is in empirical and historical.

c. Anthropological Approach

      This approach can be interpreted as an effort to understand religion by seeing the form of religious practice that grows and develops in society.

      Through this approach religion appears closer and closer to the problems faced by humans and seeks to explain and provide answers.

d. Psychological Approach

      Psychology or psychology is the study of a person's soul through observable behavioral symptoms. With this psychology, a person will not only know the level of religion one lives, understands, and practices, but also can be used as a tool to enter religion into a person's soul according to his age level. With religious knowledge, we will find the right and suitable way to instill it.

B. Meaning and Scope of Islamic Studies

            Religion as an object of study can at least be seen in terms of:

1. As a true doctrine from God for its adherents it is final in absolute terms, and is accepted as it is.

2. As a cultural phenomenon, which means all human creations in relation to religion, including people's understanding of their religious doctrines.

3. As a social interaction, namely the reality of Muslims.

       If you see Islam from three sides, the scope of Islamic studies can be limited to these three sides. Because the doctrinal side is a belief in the truth of the revealed text, this does not require research in it.

C. The Urgency of Studying the Methodology of Islamic Studies

      Historical facts show (especially after the golden age of Muslims and Muslims have entered a period of decline) that the approach of Islamic studies dominated by Islamic scholars is more likely to be subjective, apological, and doctrinal, and to close itself to approaches taken by outsiders that are objective and rational.

      As time goes by, studying the methodology of Islamic studies is expected to lead us to make efforts to reform the thought of Islamic teachings.

      Besides that, the methodology of Islamic studies is a solution so that Islam is not easily misunderstood by outsiders (non-Muslims). At this time, Muslims are facing challenges from world life and modern culture, so the study of Islam is very urgent.

      The urgency of such Islamic studies can be understood from two things, namely:

1. Today's Muslims are in a problematic condition.

2. Muslims and their civilizations are in a problematic atmosphere.

  This is where the urgency of Islamic studies is to explore the original and pure and humane Islamic teachings which are then educated and transformed to future generations and confronted with modern culture and civilization, in order to be able to deal with and adapt to them.

D. The Development of Islamic Studies Past and Present

       The heyday of Islamic education was a period in which Islamic education developed rapidly which was marked by the development of Islamic education institutions and formal madrasas (schools) and universities in the center of Islamic culture.

       During this heyday, Islamic education was the answer to the challenges of the development and advancement of Islamic culture. Islamic culture has developed rapidly so that it has surpassed even the peak of human culture at that time. In the development of Islamic culture, there are two factors that influence, namely internal factors or the nature of Islamic teaching itself, and external factors, namely in the form of challenges and external stimuli.

      Islamic education reached its peak during the Abbasid dynasty, namely during the reign of Harun Al-Rasyid (170-193 H). Because he was an expert in science and had intelligence and was supported by the state in a safe, calm and under construction condition, the Islamic world at that time was colored with the development of science.

      In the heyday of Islam, subjects for the lower-level school curriculum were the Koran, religion, reading, writing, and syair. In the palaces it was usually emphasized the importance of teaching khittabah, history, war stories, social methods, basic sciences such as Al-Quran, poetry and fiqh. In formal educational institutions, such as mosques, the curriculum is the science of religion with the Koran at its core. Apart from that hadith and commentary.

      Islamic studies are currently developing in almost all countries in the world, both Islamic and non-Islamic countries. In Islamic countries there are centers of Islamic studies, such as al-Azhar university in Egypt and Ummul Qura university in Saudi Arabia.

      In Indonesia, Islamic studies (higher Islamic education) are carried out at 14 State Islamic Institutes (now UIN) and 39 Islamic Colleges (STAI). Universities that hold higher Islamic education as a part of their studies, such as the faculty of religion at Muhammadiyah University Jakarta, Bandung Islamic University (UNISBA), and Nusantara Islamic University (UNINUS) in Bandung.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

       In the scientific world there is a scientific effort called a method, which is a way of working to be able to understand the object that is the target of the science being studied. Then methodology is the science that talks about the ways or methods used by humans to achieve knowledge of reality or truth, both in the partial or total aspect.

      It is known that Islam as a religion has many dimensions, starting from the dimensions of faith, reason, economy, politics, science and technology, environment, history, peace, to domestic life, and many more. To understand the various dimensions of Islamic teachings clearly requires a variety of approaches that are explored from various disciplines.

       Besides that, the methodology of Islamic studies is a solution so that Islam is not easily misunderstood by outsiders (non-Muslims). At this time, Muslims are facing challenges from world life and modern culture, so the study of Islam is very urgent.

      The urgency of such Islamic studies can be understood from two things, namely:

1. Today's Muslims are in a problematic condition.

2. Muslims and their civilizations are in a problematic atmosphere.

  This is where the urgency of Islamic studies is to explore the original and pure and humane Islamic teachings which are then educated and transformed to future generations and confronted with modern culture and civilization, in order to be able to deal with and adapt to them.

REFERENCES

Dianawati, Novies. "The Urgency of Studying the Methodology of Islamic Studies". Blogspot. https://www.blogspot.com/2015/03/28.html. accessed on 10 February 2018.

Gozali, Ahmad. "Introduction to Islamic Studies Methodology". Blogspot. https://www.blogspot.com /2015/05/23.html. accessed on 10 February 2018.

Nurfaizin, M., et al. "Methodology of Islamic Studies: Scope and Various Approaches". Blogspot. https://www.blogspot.com/2012/04/28.html. accessed on 10 February 2018.

Rahman, Jazuli. "Growth and Development of Islamic Studies in Muslim Countries". Blogspot. https://www.blogspot.com/2015/05.html. accessed on 10 February 2018.